HELP ASAP!!QUESTION 2 How does hydrolysis of ATP associated with Bera-tubulin affect the assembly of microtubule protofilaments?
ATP does not bind beta-tubulin and therefore does not affect on the formation of microtubule protofilaments.
ATP hydrolysis changes the conformation of the tubulin heterodimer, which weakens the bonds between the tubulin heterodimers to destabilize
the protofilament
ATP hydrolysis promotes the assemble of the microtubule organizing center.
ATP hydrolysis phosphorylates Tau, which stabilizes microtubules.

Over the past 60 years, many amphibian species have experienced significant population declines and some species have become extinct. scientists suspected that local human activities such as the destruction of wetlands, regional pollution, and deforestation were the main reasons for these losses. however, research over the past 20 years reveals significant amphibian population declines in protected areas of the world, such as nature preserves and parks. these global declines suggest widespread problems including increased ultraviolet radiation, acid rain, and disease. in switzerland, for example, 14 of the 20 native amphibian species are threatened with extinction. chytridiomycosis is a fungal disease first identified in 1998 as a cause of massive amphibian deaths. in some severely impacted populations, a few individuals have survived, perhaps because of some natural resistance. if these resistant individuals continue to survive and prosper, new resistant populations might emerge. this would be an example of the founder effect artificial selection genetic drift natural selection sexual selection

Which of the following describes a difference when gram-positive bacteria are compared to gram-negative bacteria?

Plz fast biotechnology is a growing field of applied biology. many crops such as corn have been engineered to be resistant to herbicides. therefore farmers can spray these chemicals to kill weeds growing near the crop without worries of killing the crop itself how does this type of biotechnology work? a. by changing the genetic make up of the crops. b. by causing the crops to kill the weeds. c. by changing the type of crops used. d. by changing the location of the crops.