In one type of dog, black spots (B) are dominant over brown spots (b) and long tails (L) are dominant over short tails (l). Use the dihybrid cross for parents with the genotypes BBLl and BbLl and determine the likelihood of offspring with the genotype BBLl. BL Bl BL Bl BL BBLL BBLl BBLL BBLl Bl BBLl BBll BBLl BBll bL BbLL BbLl BbLL BbLl bl BbLl Bbll BbLl Bbll 1/16 2/16 3/16 4/16

Witch type of microscope is used to view very small cell components like proteins and dna?

Humans are believed to have evolved in coastal regions in east africa. the region had an abundant supply of fish for early humanoids to eat. when scientists analyze the fads gene they see an interesting pattern. people whose families have lived in this area of east africa for generation show a high level of diversity in alleles for the fads gene. conversely, people whose families had migrated inland a moderate distance from sources of fish showed a much lower diversity for fads gene alleles. additionally, the fads alleles found in people whose family has lived inland for generation are almost all gene alleles which produce fads proteins with a high level of function and activity. how do anthropologists explain this?

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).