In {external fertilization, internal fertilization,
conjugation, or pollination}
mating partners come close to one another and release eggs and sperm.

Explanation External fertilization is characterized by the release sperm and eggs into In fertilization protects the fertilized egg or embryo from predation an Ovoviparity is characterized by an organism retaining a fertilized egg

the circled areas are referred to   as sunspots.   the sunspots are cooler than the   surrounding area.

sunspots are temporary phenomena on the photosphere of the sun that appear visibly as dark spots compared to surrounding regions. they correspond to concentrations of magnetic field flux that inhibit convection and result in reduced surface temperature compared to the surrounding photosphere.