(Science Exam Due Today)! Darwin studied finches and their beak shapes/sizes in the Galapagos island. He found that over time, different species of finches had adapted to their environment. There were different beak types on the finches now. Which of the following best explains why this happened? (Hint it's not "B)" I already tried).

A) A few finches had differently shaped beaks and were able to eat insects instead of seeds. They survived due to less competition for food and over time, their population increased.

B) Some finches beaks stretched to reach hard to eat seeds, creating a longer shape.

C) A few finches had longer beaks to be able to defend against predators. They survived and over time, their population increased.

D) Some finches grew longer beaks during their lifetime and were able to defend against predators.

A

Explanation:

I think the answer is a.

cells use diffusion to get substances in and out of themselves. that diffusion will occur across the cell membrane or the outer covering of the cell. because we are talking about the surface of the cell, surface area and volume are  important factors here. as a cell increases in size, its surface area and volume increase as well.  we call that the surface area to volume ratio (sa: vol).  but the catch is that  volume increases at a greater rate than surface  area. in other words, as a cell gets bigger, the sa: vol gets smaller. so a really small cell like bacteria is mostly cell membrane (surface) with very little contents (volume). a really big cell like an egg, is mostly insides with a super thin membrane. so what ends up happening is that the cell cannot efficiently diffuse all of the stuff it needs in/out to survive. therefore cell size is limited to about 100mm. so how do we make organisms bigger than 100mm? cells divide! by dividing and becoming multicellular, organisms are able to grow!   check out the diagrams i attached to see the effect of sa: vol. i hope this ! good luck!