What are 4 types of biological molecules? Describe their basic structures and functions.

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are 4 types of biological molecules.

Carbohydrates - Cells attach carbohydrate molecules to proteins and lipids, modifying structures to enhance functionality. The structure of carbohydrates determines how energy is stored in carbohydrate bonds during photosynthesis and how breaking these bonds releases energy during cellular respiration.

Lipids - A lipid is any of various organic compounds that are insoluble in water. They include fats, waxes, oils, hormones, and certain components of membranes and function as energy-storage molecules and chemical messengers.

Proteins - Proteins are linear polymers built of monomer units called amino acids. The function of a protein is directly dependent on its three dimensional structure. Remarkably, proteins spontaneously fold up into three-dimensional structures that are determined by the sequence of amino acids in the protein polymer

Nucleic Acids - Nucleic acids are macromolecules that store genetic information and enable protein production. Nucleic acids include DNA and RNA. These molecules are composed of long strands of nucleotides. Nucleotides are composed of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group.