Current geological thinking most closely follows: neptunism
plutonism
catastrophism
uniformitarianism

uniformitarianism

Explanation:

Uniformitarianism is a doctrine that suggests that Eart's geological processes were the same in the past, as they are now. The whole geological science is based on this thinking.

This doctrine explains that the Eart has changed in uniform ways from the past until the present. Uniformitarianism is the key to an understanding of thr geological process.

genetic variation can be caused by mutation (which can create entirely new alleles in a population), random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis (which reshuffles alleles within an organism's offspring).

the principles and empirical processes of discovery and demonstration considered characteristic of or necessary for scientific investigation, generally involving the observation of phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis concerning the phenomena, experimentation to test the hypothesis, and development of a conclusion that confirms, rejects, or modifies the hypothesis.