One method of experimentally determining whether a species is paramagnetic is to weigh it in an instrument called a magnetic susceptibility balance. This is a balance with a strong electromagnet placed next to the sample holder. If the species is paramagnetic, the mass reading of the balance will increase when the field is switched on. Classify these following species as paramagnetic or diamagnetic. a. NO
b. F2
c. O2
d. CO

F2

F→ Group 7A → 7 valence electrons

14 valence electrons TOTAL.

No unpaired electrons → diamagnetic

O2

O→ Group 6A → 6 valence electrons

12 valence electrons TOTAL.

2 unpaired electrons → paramagnetic

NO

N→ Group 5A → 5 valence electrons

O→ Group 6A → 6 valence electrons

11 valence electrons TOTAL.

1 unpaired electron → paramagnetic

CO

C→ Group 4A → 4 valence electrons

O→ Group 6A → 6 valence electrons

10 valence electrons TOTAL.

idk what the options are but

these is a strong electrostatic attraction between the ions hence a lot of energy is needed to overcome this attraction

this is why the boiling points are so high

before, trains worked using the steam engine. thus, it uses heat so it is crucial to apply heat balance. the steam engine absorbs energy during the stage of boiling water. so, this is the endothermic reaction. when the steam is used to work the piston, it has to release this energy through running the train. the excess energy is released as an exhaust to the chimney. this is the exothermic process because it releases energy to the surroundings.