Which of the following is a challenge for implanting sustainable farming a . higher initial costs
b. increased erosion
c. lack of pollinating insects
d. increased need for fertilizer

Parthenogenesis is a type of reproduction that does not require a mate. it’s rarely seen in birds and higher vertebrates. parthenogenesis involves the formation of a zygote. but this zygote is formed without fertilization. in parthenogenesis, in the absence of a male gamete, the ovum develops directly in the zygote.