Diseases caused by single-gene defects, such as cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, muscular dystrophy and sickle cell anemia might be able to be cured by replacing the
defective, non-functioning gene with a normal, functioning gene.
Which of the following biotechnologies is described?
Cloning
Gene therapy
Gel electrophoresis
GMOs

Gene therapy

Explanation:

Gene therapy can be defined as the methodologies used to modify/restore the expression of target genes and thus cure and treat genetic disorders. Gene therapy approaches consist of delivering specific nucleic acids (either RNA or DNA) in the cells of the individual to be treated. Some of the most important gene therapy approaches include the use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in order to block target gene expression, adenovirus vectors to insert genes into host cells, the use of the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system to insert specific sequences by the mechanism of homologous recombination, etc.

you did not attach the discourse, but i assume it to be the discourse on the origin and basis of inequality among men (the original titile in french is: "discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes"), also know as "second discourse". in this discourse, jean-jacques rousseau emphasizes that private property is the basis of all inequalities.

therefore, what enabled the old regime to maintain as long as it did was private property.