1. Explain how immunizations work to protect the body against pathogens and antigens. Refer to B-cells and T-cells in your answer. Discuss how and why science would need to find a way to discourage thymus atrophy if human life is ever to expand beyond around 120 years. 2. Describe the sources of antibodies in humans from pre-birth to old age, including how our bodies change over time as we age.

3. You suspect a patient is suffering from a systemic inflammatory response. What two things could you check relatively easily to detect signs of such a response, and which one of those two symptoms may on its own require emergency intervention?

4. A running joke among viewers of the medical drama House was that “it’s never lupus,” even though it frequently came up as a possible diagnosis to the patient-of-the-week’s symptoms. Why is lupus sometimes a difficult disease to diagnose but would often come up as doctors discuss a patient’s symptoms? What is the treatment regimen for Lupus?

5. Compare and contrast passive and active immunity, covering at least four functions, components, or mechanisms related to immune response. Include at least one way in which they are similar and one way in which they are different.

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