Think of another science topic you studied earlier. How might considering scale be useful when investigating that topic? How is that similar to and different from how the crosscutting concept of Scale is useful in this unit?

Scale can be extremely important to consider when applying the conclusions of an investigation to a larger group.

Scale is defined as a series of measurements in a given ratio, in order to compare two objects or groups. Some examples include:

In the case of scale models, one example may be creating a 1:100 scale model of a building. What this means is that the model created will be one hundred times smaller than the original.

The idea of scale is very important to consider when performing experiments. For example, if we were to take a sample of 10 people and test for a specific bacteria, which gives us a result of 1 in 10 (or 10%) of the people that test positive for the bacteria, it would seem as though it is a very small number of people. However, if we take scale into consideration we can apply this 10% to the global population, which will result in hundreds of millions of people who will test positive for the bacteria.

Scale is important to consider when performing any experiment or drawing conclusions because it offers a method to calculate and make an educated assumption as to the impact of the results on a population that would otherwise be impossible to test.

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many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.

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