What is the difference between a countercurrent multiplier system, such as the one involving the loop of henle, and the countercurrent systems that maximize oxygen absorption by fish gills or reduce heat loss in endotherms?

The countercurrent multiplier system involving the loop of Henle expends energy to actively transport NaCl from the filtrate in the upper part of the ascending limb of the loop. This expended energy distinguishes a countercurrent multiplier system from the other countercurrent systems. Read about countercurrent multiplier systems.

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