Explain how two body systems work together to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the outside air and the cells in the body.

The respiratory system and lungs work very closely with the cardiovascular system for the uptake and elimination of gases and the distribution of energy in the body. Oxygen from the air is absorbed into the bloodstream through the lungs. When it reaches the lungs, the function of the cardiovascular system begins, since that is where the non-oxygenated blood is oxygenated and returns to the heart. When in the cardiovascular system, the blood reaches the capillaries in the tissues, oxygen is released, which the cells use to produce energy. These cells release waste products, such as carbon dioxide and water, which are absorbed and transported by the blood.

Explanation:

O2 and CO2 are constantly circulating and passing from one medium to another, so much so that: O2 passes, along with other gases, from the atmosphere to the airways, entering through the nostrils and driving through the larynx, trachea, source bronchi, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar sacs and alveoli. From here, the O2 diffuses through the respiratory membrane towards the pulmonary capillaries, and from these, in a totally different environment from the previous one (liquid instead of air), it circulates throughout the systemic arterial tree towards the tissues; where upon arrival it will enter the cells, crossing their membranes and exchanging with CO2. CO2, for its part, will follow the exact opposite path of O2, until it exits through the nostrils into the atmosphere. Once the inspired air reaches the alveoli, it is ready to perform hematosis, which is carried out thanks to the pressure gradient, of O2 and CO2, which exists between the alveolus and the pulmonary capillary. In such a way that O2 diffuses, in favor of a gradient, towards the blood and CO2, in the opposite direction, does so towards the alveolus. When O2 passes into the blood, an exchange takes place in the tissues (internal respiration). It dissociates from hemoglobin, diffusing from the intracellular fluid of the erythrocyte into the plasma, and from there it is distributed through the bloodstream to all cells of the body.

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