How are unknown minerals identified?

Minerals can be identified by their physical characteristics. The physical properties of minerals are related to their chemical composition and bonding. Some characteristics, such as a mineral's hardness, are more useful for mineral identification.

Explanation:

1. Hardness, the ability to resist being scratched—or hardness—is one of the most useful properties for identifying minerals. (ex. diamond)

2. Luster, luster is how a mineral reflects light.

3. Color, one of the most obvious properties of a mineral is color. (ex. Red- Ruby, Green- Jade, Blue- Opal)

4. Streak, the color of a mineral in its powdered form. It is usually obtained by rubbing the mineral on a hard, white surface, such as a tile of un-glazed porcelain, so as to yield a line, or streak, of fine powder. (Kinda like rubbing chalk on a concrete floor to get the color)

5. Specific Gravity, the weight (How heavy is it?)

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it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.