A confounding variable is an outside variable beyond the control of the race teams and official. What are some confounding variables that could contribute to the speed of the tracks?

rain and turns

Explanation:

There are various confounding variables that could contribute to the speed of the track, one of which is rain. Rain is something that the race teams and officials cannot control and affects the speed at which racecars can operate on a track. This is because the Rain wets the tracks which prevents the cars wheels from properly gripping the track and instead causes them to skid. Another confounding variable would be turns. A track that has more turns would drastically decrease the speed of the tracks as cars would need to slow down for each turn.

the answer that best describes the relative refractory period in the neuron is the resting membrane potential is restored, but concentrations of sodium and potassium are not restored to their original state.

the refractory period is the time during which another stimulus given to the neuron will not lead to a second potential. thus, because na+ channels are inactivated during this time, additional depolarizing stimuli do not lead to new action potentials.  

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