Deadly gas. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that binds to hemoglobin at an oxygen-binding site. Indeed, it binds 200 times as tightly as oxygen, accounting for its toxic nature. Even if only one of the four oxygen-binding sites on hemoglobin is occupied by carbon monoxide and the remaining three are bound to oxygen, oxygen is not released. Explain.

The binding of carbon monoxide (CO) with hemoglobin leads to an R state even in conditions that should produce the release of oxygen. In consequence, CO-hemoglobin binding shifts the oxygen dissociation curve to the left.

Explanation:

Hemoglobin is a globular protein containing four heme groups that can bind to one oxygen each. This protein (hemoglobin) has two conformational states: the T-state, also known as deoxyhemoglobin (a tense state, where lacks O species), and the R-state, also known as oxyhemoglobin (a relaxed, fully oxygenated state). When carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin, the protein can not release oxygen, shifting the oxygen dissociation curve -which expresses the percentage of oxygen saturation against the partial pressure of oxygen- to the left. Therefore, under CO-hemoglobin binding, the oxygen level in the tissues is reduced.

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