Which of the following best explains how bacteria can be genetically engineered to produce a desired antigen?

You have a solution that contains phospholipid vesicles in a test tube. these vesicles have phospholipid bilayers, but do not contain any membrane transporters. you add a number of different molecules to the solution, and wait a period of time for them to equilibrate. if you could measure the concentration of each molecule, for which of the following would you expect to measure equal concentrations inside and outside of the vesicles? assume for this question that the overall osmolarity inside and outside the vesicles is the same (that is, there is no appreciable diffusion of water across the membrane). (select two answers) an amino acid with a hydrophobic side-chain a small non-polar molecule a negatively charged ion a small polar molecule a small lipid hormone

Which of these substances does not protect against invaders in the nonspecific immune response? a. saliva b. mucus c. tears d. urine

What is the main function of the central vacuole in a plant cell? a. absorbs energy from the sun to produce food b. holds water and maintains turgor pressure c. breaks down molecules to release energy d. contains the cell's genetic material