8. In snapdragons, red flower (R) color is incompletely dominant over white flower (1) color. The heterozygous (Rr) plants have pink flowers.
A. If a red-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant, what are the genotypes and phenotypes
of the plants F1 generation?
B. What genotypes and phenotypes will be produced in the F2 generation?
C. What kinds of offspring can be produced if a red-flowered plant is crossed with a pink-flowered plant?
D. What kind of offspring is/are produced if a pink-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant?

A. Genotypes: Rr

Phenotypes: All Pink

B. Genotypes in the F2 generation: RR, 2Rr, rr

Phenotypes: red, pink and white

C. 1RR (red): 1Rr (pink).

D. 1Rr (red) : 1rr (white).

Explanation:

This question involves one gene coding for flower color in snapdragon plants. The allele for red color (R) is incompletely dominant over the allele for white color (W), to form an intermediate pink color (RW).

A. If a red-flowered plant (RR) is crossed with a white-flowered plant (rr), the genotypes of the offsprings will be Rr with a pink color phenotype.

B. In the F2 generation i.e. Rr × Rr, the following will be produced: RR (red), 2Rr (pink), and rr (white).

C. if a red-flowered plant is crossed with a pink-flowered plant, the following will be produced: 1RR (red): 1Rr (pink).

D. if a pink-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant, the following will be produced: 1Rr (red) : 1rr (white).

Proteins are the workhorses of the cell, controlling virtually every reaction within as well as providing structure and serving as signals to other cells. proteins are long chains of  amino acids  , and the exact sequence of the amino acids determines the final structure and function of the protein. instructions for that sequence are encoded in  genes  . to make a particular protein, a messenger ribonucleic acid (mrna) copy is made from the gene (in the process called  transcription  ), and the mrna is transported to the  ribosome  . protein synthesis, also called  translation  , begins when the two ribosomal subunits link onto the mrna. this step, called initiation, is followed by elongation, in which successive amino acids are added to the growing chain, brought in by transfer rnas (trnas). in this step, the ribosome reads the  nucleotides  of mrna three by three, in units called  codons  , and matches each to three nucleotides on the trna, called the anticodon. finally, during termination, the ribosome unbinds from the mrna, and the  amino acid  chain goes on to be processed and folded to make the final, functional protein