How can the freezing of surface waters make the water that is left unfrozen denser

Explanation:

When an aqueous solution freezes, the unfrozen solution becomes denser. That's because some of the water has been removed as ice. However, the solutes remain dissolved in a solution with a smaller liquid volume. The concentration of the solution increases, so the density increases.

this is because water expands as it gets cold hence floating leaving the unfrozen water dense

many phylogenetic trees have a single lineage at the base representing a common ancestor. a lineage that evolved early from the root and remains unbranched is called basal taxon. when two lineages stem from the same branch point, they are called sister taxa.

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explanation:

i thinking chemical change