Which ACTN3 genotype (RR, RX, or XX) would provide these Olympic marathon athletes with an advantage, and why?

Humans are believed to have evolved in coastal regions in east africa. the region had an abundant supply of fish for early humanoids to eat. when scientists analyze the fads gene they see an interesting pattern. people whose families have lived in this area of east africa for generation show a high level of diversity in alleles for the fads gene. conversely, people whose families had migrated inland a moderate distance from sources of fish showed a much lower diversity for fads gene alleles. additionally, the fads alleles found in people whose family has lived inland for generation are almost all gene alleles which produce fads proteins with a high level of function and activity. how do anthropologists explain this?

Radiometric dating is used to tell the absolute age of materials by studying the decay rate of radioactive isotopes. the decay rates of isotopes are constant and are expressed as .

Describe the two types of vascular tissue