When crustaceans such as crabs are kept in seawater with a lower-than-normal pHpH, ATPATP-requiring pumps that maintain ion gradients in the animals' bodies significantly increase their activity in comparison with normal levels. Explain how the increased use of ATPATP by these pumps will most likely affect the ability of the animals to carry out other metabolic reactions such as that catalyzed by PFK

The body of water found at number 4 on the map above is the

Natural selection changes allele frequencies because some survive and reproduce more successfully than others.

1. an enzyme is considered a(n) because it speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up.2. in a catalyzed reaction, a reactant is often called a(n) . an enzyme is specific because the shape of its matches only particular reactants.4. an enzyme speeds up reactions by lowering the . the between an active site and its substrate often strains bonds and the reaction proceed.6. a( , which is often a vitamin, binds to an enzyme and plays a role in catalysis.7. high temperatures or changes in ph can an enzyme, causing it to lose its shape and biological activity.