What happens to waste material in surface mining?

Color blindness is a recessive trait. the gene for color blindness is on the x chromosome. the family tree below shows the trait of color blindness. the only unknown is the mother in the first generation

Which is an advantage of having memory cells when a pathogen is encountered for a second time. a) the memory cells are what proliferate into clones of cells in response to the binding of an antigen. b) memory cells are vital to the primary immune response in that they immediately recognize pathogens even at the first encounter. c) memory cells are essentially effector cells that are short lived and attack antigens even without having a receptor specific to that antigen. d) it ensures that more lymphocytes with a receptor specific to a particular antigen will be present than in a host that had never encountered that pathogen.

Study this image which statement best describes the rock shown check all that apply