C What do you know about heredity that leads you to that conclusion?
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Explain why the plants cortex would serve as the best food source for animals

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

The small molecule cyclic amp (camp) takes about 0.2 second to diffuse 10 μm, on average, in a cell. suppose that camp is produced near the plasma membrane on one end of the cell; how long will it take for this camp to diffuse through the cytosol and reach the opposite end of a very large cell, on average? assume that the cell is 200 μm in diameter.