1) Sobre as vacinas, marque a alternativa que indica as frases corretas: * 1 ponto
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a) I, III e V estão corretas.
b) II e IV estão corretas.
c) I, II e V estão corretas.
d) Todas estão corretas.
2) Os vírus são minúsculos "piratas" biológicos porque invadem as células, saqueiam seus nutrientes e utilizam as reações químicas das mesmas para se reproduzir. Logo em seguida os descendentes dos invasores transmitem-se a outras células, provocando danos devastadores. A estes danos, dá-se o nome de virose, como a raiva, a dengue hemorrágica, o sarampo, a gripe, etc.
(Texto modificado do livro "PIRATAS DA CÉLULA", de Andrew Scott.)
De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar: *
1 ponto
a) Os vírus utilizam o seu próprio metabolismo para destruir células, causando viroses.
b) Os vírus utilizam o DNA da célula hospedeira para produzir outros vírus.
c) Os vírus não têm metabolismo próprio.
d) As viroses resultam sempre das modificações genéticas da célula hospedeira.

an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.

regents of the university of california v. bakke, 438 u.s. 265 (1978), was a landmark decision by the supreme court of the united states. it upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.