3. Observe: Sometimes a trait can evolve separately in different groups, have wings, but their common ancestor did not have wings.
In the Animals cladogram, which trait evolved two different times?
4. Think and discuss: What could cause similar traits to evolve independen
Species that live in the same environment or face similar threats may ne
adapt to their situations: For example, hedgehogs and porcupines indepe
protect themselves from predators. This process is called convergent ex