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What is selective breeding?
Long before scientists had technology to manipulate genes, people used selective breeding to manipulate mating. Selective breeding, also called artificial selection, is the process by which humans artificially select plants or animals that are going to breed and flourish according to what we want from them. The process of selective breeding starts with selecting the animals or plants that have the best characteristics. Then force them to breed with one another. Later, select the best of the offspring and combine them with the best you already have and breed again. The process then continues over several generations to develop the desired traits.
What are the benefits to selective breeding?
Selective breeding is an extremely helpful technique that has been used for hundreds of years. In terms of farming, we use this process to develop the best features: maximum yield (or the most possible product), good health and disease resistance. This is done with cows to make more and better tasting milk. We have increased the number of eggs and the size of eggs each hen can produce. In terms of plants, we have selectively bred wheat to be resistant to disease.
This has also helped people who race horses. They are able to combine the fastest, strongest, or highest jumping horse to have the best chance of winning. Humans have also worked to make cats that are hypoallergenic (meaning they don’t cause allergic reactions. They wed out cats that cause allergies and breed cats that produce the smallest reactions.
Breeders use this to make sure that pedigree dogs remain pure bred. This is done purely for physical appearance to ensure wins at dog shows. They have a similar process to create exotic animals like ligers. They cross 2 different species: a tiger and a lion to create this hybrid, or combination of two organisms.

What are disadvantages to selective breeding?
All of the advantages for selective breeding are for humans. Because of this, there are many disadvantages for the animals. In all cases, the gene pool, the number of possible alleles, is reduced. This is because the species are getting the same “best” genes all the time. This is bad because if a new disease appears, all of the species can be wiped out. In general, there is a large amount of variation in a species that gives some resistance to a disease. However, with selective breeding, they are very closely related to one another. So, if one is affected, they probably all will be. Hybrids that humans make are generally sterile, meaning they cannot produce offspring. Purebred dogs can also have very bad health problems because of their small gene pool.