The cell membrane is semi permeable this that

Why do mutations in genes affect traits? o a. genes determine what type of mutagens an organism has. o b. genes produce proteins that cause traits. o c. genes affect how many chromosomes an organism has o d. genes code for carbohydrates that influence traits.

How is anaerobic respiration affected by changes in temperature? (5 points)based on the conditions of early earth, what conclusion can you draw about the amount of anaerobic respiration that was occurring at earth’s beginning? explain your answer.(5 points)if there was a sudden drop in temperature after the evolution of the first living cells, predict how that might have affected the changes in the atmosphere and the evolution of cyanobacteria and other autotrophs. explain your answer. (5 points)

Explain how the concentration gradient affects the process of atp synthesis