Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless, colorless, and tasteless gas that is toxic in high enough concentrations. It can be a by-product of burning fossil fuels. CO binds irreversibly to the protein (hemoglobin) that transports O2 throughout your bloodstream. As you are exposed to high amounts of CO over a period of time your available hemoglobin becomes unable to bind to O2 because it is bound to CO. In your own words, explain what would happen to cellular respiration and what overall effect this would have on the organism.

density and pressure

we solve the problem using the hardy-wineberg equation.

let us start with the homozygous recessive proportion of individuals with sickle cell anaemia,

we have the proportion as q² = 0.25.

∴ q = 0.5 (frequency of hbs in population)

further,

solving for the frequency of normal cell by using the fact that,

p + q = 1

∴ p = 1 - 0.5 = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5

now we can calculate 2pq in p² + 2pq + q², which is the frequency for heterozygous carriers of sickle cell anaemia,

∴ 2pq = 2 x 0.5 x 0.5 = 0.5

and the homozygous normal cell individuals proportion is given by the expression,

∴ p² = 0.5² = 0.25

hence, the carriers for sickle cell anaemia are in proportion, 0.5, or 50%.