1. In CF, the body makes abnormal CFTR protein or none at all. Without normal CFTR protein, the cells lining the pathways (tubes) inside some organs make thick, sticky mucus rather than the normal thin, watery kind. Thick mucus can trap bacteria in the lungs, leading to infection, inflammation, and breathing problems. 2. When the CFTR protein is defective, epithelial cells can't regulate the way that chloride (part of the salt called sodium chloride) passes across cell membranes. 3. Mutations in the DMD gene cause the Duchenne and Becker forms of muscular dystrophy. The DMD gene provides instructions for making a protein called dystrophin . This protein is located primarily in skeletal and cardiac muscle, where it helps stabilize and protect muscle fibers. Collapse Section. DMD, the largest known human gene, provides instructions for making a protein called dystrophin. This protein is located primarily in muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles) and in heart (cardiac) muscle. 4. Lack of the dystrophin protein in muscle cells causes them to be fragile and easily damaged. DMD carriers are females who have a normal dystrophin gene on one X chromosome and an abnormal dystrophin gene on the other X chromosome. Most carriers of DMD do not themselves have signs and symptoms of the disease, but a minority do. Symptoms can range from mild skeletal muscle weakness or cardiac involvement to severe weakness or cardiac effects and can begin in childhood or adulthood. 5. Scurvy happens when there is a lack of vitamin C, or ascorbic acid. The deficiency leads to symptoms of weakness, anemia, gum disease, and skin problems. This is because vitamin C is needed for making collagen, an important component in connective tissues. 6. composed of ground substance and fibers. The extracellular matrix of connective tissue is composed of ground substance and fibers. In ordinary connective tissue, the ground substance consists mainly of water. The principal fiber type is collagen (the most abundant protein in the body), with elastic fibers as a minor element. brainliest?
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