Received information is called a transduced signal because: . a. it is then converted into other chemical forms.
b. it is then converted into other electrical forms.
c. this process often has many steps of information conversion.
d. it is then converted into other chemicals during metabolism.
e. many different molecules form a signaling cascade.

According to the big bang theory, after the "bang," the universe remained dark until about  300,000 yearsone billion yearsthree minutesthree billion years  later, when neutral atoms began to form.

Which could be a pathway of food through an ecosystem

Astudy by solloch and et. al., in 2017, gives the map above which shows the frequency of alleles with a ccr5-delta32 mutations over 87 different countries. this mutation deletes the presence of a co-receptor (ccr5) on the outside of human t-cells (lymphocytes). some viruses, such as the one responsible for the black death and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), require this receptor for attachment to host cells during the infection process. the black death was an epidemic that passed over northern europe during the 14th century killing nearly 60% of europeans. according to this information, which explanation best explains why northern europeans show a greater immunity for hiv than some other parts of the world?