How can natural selection account for the long tongues of butterflies?

Because butterflies with longer tongues were better equipped to eat nectar from inside flowers, and so it was easier for them to eat and grow. So they were better quipped to survive than those with shorter tongues.

volcanoes (an event in the geosphere) release a large amount of particulate matter into the atmosphere. these particles serve as nuclei for the formation of water droplets (hydrosphere). rainfall (hydrosphere) often increases following an eruption, stimulating plant growth (biosphere).