An ecosystem engineer can cause a cascade of effects including abiotic and biotic changes. O True
False

O True

Explanation:

Ecosystem engineers are able to modify the surrounding environment, either by creating new habitats or modifying/destroying existing ones to adjust them to their needs. These species can significantly alter their environments, having a large impact on the species richness as well as modifying the availability of abiotic factors (e.g., water, space, etc) of a particular area. In certain environments, ecosystem engineers can even act as keystone species. Some examples of ecosystem engineers include, among others, beavers, woodpeckers, corals, etc.

what are the options

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.