Suppose we have access to the four nucleotides which compose DNA: A, T, C and G. Placed into a sequence with one another, they form a code which can be read by the cell to provide a blueprint for the creation of proteins. When forming a sequence of three nucleotides, the sequences TAA, TAG, and TGA are codes to tell the cell to stop reading the DNA. Assume each sequence of nucleotides is equally likely to be formed. A. How many possible ways are there to form a sequence of three nucleotides? - 64
B. Of the possible ways to form a sequence of three nucleotides, what is the probability to form a stop sequence? = 0.0469
C. What is the probability that a sequence that is not a stop sequence is formed? 64-3 = 61 61 = 0.983
D. For a three-nucleotide sequence, G is engineered to be in the third place. For the remaining two nucleotides in the sequence, C cannot be in the second place (for example CTG is allowed but not TCG). How many sequences can be formed?
E. Of the number of sequences found in Part D, what is the probability that a stop sequence is formed?

Chapter 11.1 & 11.2 notes section 11.1 1. every living thing has a set of ? inherited from its parents. 2. after becoming a ? , mendel spent several years studying ? and mathematics at the university of vienna. 3. during sexual reproduction, male and female reproductive cells join, a process known as ? . 4. pea flowers are normally ? , which means that sperm cells in pollen fertilize the egg cells in the ? flowers. 5. when mendel crossed plants with ? characters for the same trait, the resulting offspring had only one of the characters. 6. a ? is a specific characteristic, such as seed color or plant height, that varies from one individual to another. 7. filius and filia are the latin words for ? and ? . 8. the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits are called ? . 9.to mendel's surprise, all of the offspring had the character of only ? of the parents. 10. mendel's first conclusion was that biological inheritance is determined by ? that are ? from one generation to the next. 11. scientist calls the chemical factors that determine traits ? . 12. mendel's second conclusion is the ? . 13. the principle of dominance states that some alleles are ? and others are ? . 14. when mendel allowed the f1 plants to reproduce by self-pollination the traits controlled by ? alleles reappeared in about ? of the f2 plants in each cross.

Chinese privet is a plant that is native to china. over 150 years ago, chinese privet was introduced to the united states as a fast-growing shrub that serves as an excellent privacy hedge. with no natural herbivore, chinese privet quickly established itself and spread in natural areas throughout the southeast and eastern seaboard of the united states. its dominance in these areas has jeopardized the survival of native plant species. chinese privet provides evidence that introducing non-native organisms can cause environmental damage integrated pest management strategies will not decrease chinese privet populations american gardeners can easily control the spread of chinese privet non-native plant species have type i survivorship curves

An easy way to calculate the amount of energy available at each level is to what?