The miller-Urey model and other prior hypotheses of early earth were based on the notion that life began in the ocean, acting as a "primordial soup." Explain how this idea alone does not fully account for house simple monomers eventually formed complex polymers. In your explanation, consider how polymers are synthesized from monomers.

1. a tropical dry forest carries out more rapid nutrient cycling

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sulfur dioxide

explanation: acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. these substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain.

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.