Which ions’ electrical charges oppose the direction of movement that is caused by their concentration gradient?

Dr. bad has developed a way to damage the atp-binding cassette transporter (abc transporter) on a cell. the cell's abc transporter can no longer bind and use atp when it's transporting substances. which of the following statements best describes how this damage would effect the transport of substances in the affected cell? (choice a) substances at a low concentration outside the cell would be more rapidly transported into the cell, where there is a high concentration. (choice b) substances at a high concentration outside the cell would not be transported into the cell, where there is a low concentration. (choice c) equilibrium would be established between all substances inside and outside of the cell. (choice d) substances at a low concentration outside the cell would not be transported into the cell, where there is a high concentration.

Models are non-visual ways of coummincating how someone thinks about something in the natural world

Recent research by marine biologists suggests that bottlenose dolphins have names for themselves. scientists played sounds they had identified as the names of particular dolphins, putting them through a synthesizer so that they did not sound like the voices of particular dolphins. the researchers found that dolphins would respond to the names of other dolphins that they were related to or associated with, but they ignored the names of strangers. this discovery suggests a much greater degree of self-awareness in aquatic mammals than was previously suspected. if this research holds up, what does it suggest about dolphins?