Transfer of materials into a cell against a concentration gradient, from low too high concentration, requires

Which group of chordates does  notpossess true backbones?                 a.  birds      b.  frogs and toads      c.  lampreys      d.  crocodilians

What function does the limb sever in each animal? how are the limb bones of the four animals similar? based on these similarities what can be inferred about the evolution of the four animals.

Female luna moths (actias luna) attract males by emitting chemical signals that spread through the air. a male hundreds of meters away can detect these molecules and fly toward their source. the sensory organs responsible for this behavior are the comblike antennae visible in the photograph shown here. each filament of an antenna is equipped with thousands of receptor cells that detect the sex attractant. based on what you learned in this chapter, propose a hypothesis to account for the ability of the male moth to detect a specific molecule in the presence of many other molecules in the air. what predictions does your hypothesis make? design an experiment to test one of these predictions.