How does the structure of phylogeny charts explain homologous structures in organisms?

new species branch off ancestral species, so two species can have similarities in body structure.

all old species die off as soon as new species emerge, which explains why current species have traits of extinct species.

in different lineages of organisms, two organisms may have similar structures that evolved in different ways.

all organisms mutate their genome automatically when an environment changes, creating new traits and structures.