How might upward growth of cities be a better choice than outward growth?
a.
upward growth affects less land area than outward growth.
b.
upward growth moderate pollution problems.
c.
upward growth has no limitations.
d.
upward growth has no environmental impact.

1. describe the structure and function of the specialized cells you observed in the video. 2. research the types of cells present in the kidney.

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

Ineed a little . why do you think there is a basic difference between the kinds of fertilization most common in aquatic and terrestrial animals?