Which of the following is an adaptation to permafrost?
a.
retention of dead leaves
b.
dense hairs
c.
shallow roots
d.
waxy leaves

letter C

Explanation:

it will be hallow roots, the reason why is that the roots are able to be as close the base of the plant and pull as much nutrients as possible while the permafrost is usually an inch into the ground the roots can suck up as much as it  can from what little room its terrain has to offer, with most of the soil being frozen all plants have to pull nutrients any means possible, kinda like how a cactus needs its roots to be miles long to get as much water as possible these plants have adapted specifically for their biome

answer:

the water molecules are transferred from the roots to the stem or top parts of the tall tree because of important properties of water which are adhesion, cohesion and capillary action. cohesion is the property of water molecules keeps water molecules in a combined state by sharing of bonds between them at the atomic level. adhesion allows the interaction of water molecules with other substances or substrate. adhesion will cause the attachment of water molecules to the wall of the vessel (xylem) of the plant. capillary action occurs when the adhesive force to the vessel wall is stronger than the cohesive force between water molecules. capillary action mimics the transfer of water from a tube or pipe. in this way water utilizes its property to transfer water from down to top level of the plant.