Why do particles carried by rivers settle to the bottom as the river enters the ocean?

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Ialready know the answers to these questions and they are on the attachment. but i just need to know why that answer is the correct one. plz asap! this is for a report that i need to email by 10!

The energy required to vaporize a certain amount of a substance is greater than the amount of energy necessary to raise the temperature of the same amout of that substance by 1 degreee celcius