Pioneer species are found in area's
a) undergoing primary succession
b) undergoing secondary succession
c) of climax communities
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Pioneer species are found in area's undergoing secondary succession. For example ecosystems being established by: reducing a fire, deforestation; which quickly colonize open spaces supported by vegetation. 

The answer is A) undergoing primary succession.

In primary succession pioneer species like lichen, algae and fungi as well as other abiotic factors like wind and water start to "normalize" the habitat.

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