How did the process of diffusion reduce or eliminate the concentration gradient?

What are some possible short and long term medical concerns for crew members on longer space exploration trips

Four different thermometers were used to measure the temperature of a sample of pure boiling water. the measurements are recorded in the table below. thermometer temperature reading 1 temperature reading 2 temperature reading 3 w 100.1°c 99.9°c 96.9°c x 100.4°c 102.3°c 101.4°c y 90.0°c 95.2°c 98.6°c z 90.8°c 90.6°c 90.7°c the actual boiling point of pure water is 100.0°c. what can be concluded from the data about the reliability and validity of the thermometers?

The negative change found inside the plasma membrane is created by potassium ions sodium ions hydrogen ions chlorine ions