What is measured or tested by the data collected in an experiment?

Dependent variable

Explanation:

The dependent variable is what's measured/tested by the data collected in an experiment.  

When various types of experiments are carried out, it is done on the basis of variables that will then be checked through experimentation and thus be able to corroborate or discard them to generate new ones.

When we talk about variables, we're referring to the existence of something that can change depending on the events that may occur. A dependent variable is one whose values, as the name implies, depend on another variable and represents the result of the variation under study.

Its counterpart is the independent variable whose effects are studied in the dependent variable when experimental changes occur.