If a woman is a carrier for colorblindness (xcx) has a child with a man who is colorblind (xcy) can they have a colorblind female? show your work.

Ans.

Colorblindness is a sex-linked, recessive genetic disorder that results in inaccurate and limited color perception in affected people.

Females carry two X chromosomes and presence of one normal X chromosome can hide the effect of other mutated X chromosome (Xc) as it is a recessive trait.

So, females with both mutated X chromosomes (Xc) are diseased, while females with one normal and one mutated chromosome are unaffected and carrier for the disease.

Males carry only one X chromosome, so, all males with mutated X chromosomes (Xc) are diseased. Cross between a carrier woman and a colorblind man will give following progeny:

Parents:                   XcX  (female)              x             XcY (male)

                                                                  ↓

Gametes:                       Xc    &    X                         Xc      &     Y

                                                                  ↓

Progeny:                         XcXc       XXc                  XcY         XY

Normal (carrier) female: 25% (XXc)

Colorblind female: 25%   (XcXc)

Normal male: 25% (XY)

Colorblind male: 25% (XcY)

Thus, 'a carrier women and a colorblind man can have a colorblind female.'

the element that provides strength to the exoskeletons of clams and oysters is phosphorus.

this is so because calcium carbonate is the main component in the shells. calcium carbonate is strengthened by phosphorus.

explanation:

we would need to see the picture to answer it