How much energy is passed along to each higher trophic level in a food chain?

hint: what percent of the first amount of energy gets passed on to whatever eats it?

How are extrusive rocks formed? magma gets trapped inside earth and cools to rock. volcanoes apply force to solid rocks and eject them. magma gets forced to earth’s surface and cools to rock. volcanoes trap lava inside earth, where it cools to rock.

Me brainliest 1. what does a red shift mean? blue shift? 2. describe the big bang theory. according to this theory, how old is the universe? 3. scientists believe the universe is expanding. what is the evidence that supports this? 4. describe a nebula.5. describe the 3 types of galaxies. what is a barred spiral galaxy? 6. what is a light year? how far is alpha centauri from earth? 7. describe the universal law of gravitation. be sure to include gravitational force between two objects.8. describe the planets’ orbits around the sun.9. what is the asteroid belt? where is it located? 10. describe rotation and revolution of earth. what determines an earth day and year? 11. how do galaxies exist? 12. compare and contrast the inner and outer planets.13. what causes the seasons?

What tool do geneticists use to predict the outcome of genetic crosses? a.karyotype b.punnett square c.centrifuge