Why are lichens a good pioneer species after a volcanic eruption? a. they are able to grow on moist soil. b. they are able to grow on bare rock. c. they are able to attract animals. d. they are able to grow without water.

The correct option is B.
Pioneer species refer to those species that are always the first to inhabit a destroyed ecosystem. These organisms are usually small, simple and able to produce their own food. Examples of pioneer species are lichens, bacteria, algae, fungi, etc. Lichens are able to serve as pioneer specie because they are capable of growing on bare rocks, they do not need soil to grow and survive.   

The question is asking to choose among the following choices that states the reason why are lichens a good pioneer species after a volcanic eruption, and base on my research, I would say that the answer would be letter B. They are able to grow on bare rock. I hope this would help 

Mitochondria produce atp, a high energy compound. atp is used for all sorts of enzyme-mediated reactions, such as making proteins/nucleotides/etc, certain compounds cross the cell membrane, muscles move, etc.  without this source of energy, a cell will die. it will not be able to repair itself, defend against pathogens, etc.

Answer : romans built laws to manage the pollution which was lead by smoke produced by the factories.

they had the law tat factories that produces smoke cannot be built near residential buildings.

building of proper sewage system was done to ensure that the waste is carried away from the humans so that they do not get diseases from it.

also they built water systems to provide water in those areas which are drought prone.