Mutations, often causing conditions like leukemia and lymphoma, are the result of a certain change in non-homologous chromosomes. this type of change is referred to asa)insertion.
b. inversion.
c. nondisjunction.
d. translocation.

D (Translocation)

Explanation:

Translocation is a chromosomal abnormality or a type of abnormal change in the structure of a chromosome that occurs when a part of one chromosome breaks off and sticks to another chromosome. Translocation can either be balanced (an even exchange of genetic material with no adverse effect) or unbalanced (where the exchange of chromosomal material is unequal resulting in extra or missing genes).

These mutations are an important cause of many types of Lymphomas and Leukemias (blood cancers). Translocation can cause an otherwise normal gene to turn into a cancer-causing gene. These changes may occur when the DNA in our cells is damaged by a toxin or viral infection or may occur as a result of a mistake in the normal process of cell division.

Some chromosomal translocations that are involved in blood cancers include those involving:

1. The 8th and 21st chromosomes called Acute Myeloblastic leukemia

2. The 9th and 22nd chromosomes called Philadelphia chromosomes. These disorder is termed Acute lymphocytic leukemia