Some species in the weasel family, such as skunks, protect themselves by spraying a foul-smelling musk oil when threatened. why would a spray defense be a useful mechanism for a species? a) predators would confuse the species with others that produce foul smells. b) spray can turn a predator away before an individual is harmed. c) it is hard for other species to mimic a spraying defense. d) there is no known defense against foul-smelling sprays.

Aneuron is stimulated with an electric pulse. the action potential is detected at a point 3.70 cm down the axon 0.0052 s later.when the action potential is detected 7.20 cm from the point of stimulation, the time required is 0.0063 s. what is the speed of the electric pulse along the axon? (why are two measurements needed instead of only one? )

The collared lizard is a species found in the desert southwest. male collared lizards show considerable color variation, ranging from brightly colored to a very dull pattern. your goal is to determine the function, if any, of male color patterns in collared lizards, using the scientific method. your tentative explanation is that male color plays a role in attracting females for mating purposes. you predict that females will preferentially choose brightly colored males over dull-colored ones. to test this prediction, you observed the interactions of female collared lizards with their male counterparts. you selected males that were the same age and size, and that differed only in their coloration pattern. you placed equal numbers of the two types of male lizards, bright and dull, in aquariums, along with one female lizard per aquarium. out of 350 aquariums observed, the female chose to mate with the brightly colored male 277 times, and the dull-colored male 70 times. in 3 instances, the females did not mate with either type. create a bar graph of your data, plotting the type of male (dull or brightly colored) on the x-axis. on the y-axis, plot the frequency with which each type of male was chosen by females. using this graph, answer the following question(s). is it reasonable to conclude (i.e., is it supported by the data) that female collared lizards prefer more brightly colored male lizards over dull-colored males?

Which type of scientific statement is defined as a hypothesis or group of hypotheses that can be accepted as true based on the repeated experimentation with similar results