What is the term used to describe the heritable, physical characteristics of a living organism?

The correct answer is-

Phenotype.

Phenotype can be described as the morphological form or characteristic of an organism ( such as tall height of plant, skin color, eye color, hair color), which is depicted by the genetic makeup of an organism and is passed to next generation through genes.

The genes ( that is unit of heredity) for particular phenotype are inherited by offspring from their parents in the form of DNA sequences.

In other words, the physical traits ( that is phenotype) are inherited from one generation to the next generation in the form of genes.

Thus, phenotype describes the heritable, physical characteristics of a living organism.

allowed for the prediction of the properties of missing elements.

a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.