Pesticides are used to protect crops from insects and other pests. but sometimes pesticides can be as harmful as they are useful. how can pesticides be harmful? a) pesticides are usually mild and most insects are not affected by it. b) pesticides are very expensive and few farmers can afford to use them. c) insects become resistant to pesticides after being exposed to it for some time. d) pesticides kill all the crops affected by insects, causing huge losses to farmers.

lesson summarykaryotypes a genome is the full set of all the genetic information that an organism carries in its dna. chromosomes arebundles of dna and protein found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.

ans.

dna fingerprinting is defined as a process that determines the dna characteristics of an individual. these dna characteristics are unique among individuals as their fingerprints, so it is known as dna fingerprinting.

steps of dna fingerprinting includes extraction of dna from sample, amplification of dna, restriction digestion of amplified dna, and then analysis of dna by gel electrophoresis, respectively.

thus, the next step performed by the scientist is 'to cut the amplified dna (obtained by polymerase chain reaction) by restriction enzymes that cleave the dna into fragments and their analysis.'